Lavan, His Mother's Brother

    The Torah in Parashat Vayetze tells of Yaakov’s arrival in Charan, where he would spend the next twenty years with his uncle and father-in-law, Lavan.  Yaakov first arrived at the well outside the city, and soon thereafter, he saw Rachel, his cousin who shepherded her father’s sheep, bringing the flock to the well.  The Torah relates, “When Yaakov saw Rachel, the daughter of Lavan, his mother’s brother, and the sheep of Lavan, his mother’s brother, Yaakov went ahead and rolled the stone off the mouth of the well and watered the sheep of Lavan, his mother’s brother” (29:10).

            Upon reading this verse, one is immediately struck by the triple repetition of the phrase, “Lavan, his mother’s brother.”  The Torah has already introduced Lavan as Rivka’s brother in earlier narratives in Sefer Bereishit, including as recently as the final verses of Parashat Toledot, when Rivka instructed Yaakov to go to her brother’s home (27:43, 28:2,5).  And even if the Torah found it necessary to remind the reader of Lavan’s relationship to Yaakov (which would be difficult to imagine, as we already know that Yaakov was traveling to his uncle), why would this need to be repeated three times?

            Rabbenu Bechayei suggests (as the first of his two explanations):

The text says several times, “Lavan, his mother’s brother” to teach that Yaakov’s efforts with Lavan’s flock and his mercy upon Rachel, Lavan’s daughter, were not done in Lavan’s honor, but rather for his mother’s honor.  Thus, whenever the text mentions the wicked man Lavan, it mentions [that he was] his mother’s brother… [Yaakov] remembered in his heart his mother who loved him and advised him to go to Lavan.

According to Rabbenu Bechayei, the text emphasizes that Yaakov’s desire to assist Rachel was motivated by his devotion to his mother.  Aware of Lavan’s devious and corrupt character, Yaakov would not have ordinarily volunteered to assist in tending to Lavan’s flocks.  But Yaakov nevertheless sought to assist Lavan because he was, after all, his mother’s brother, and he viewed helping Lavan and his daughter as a way of showing honor to his mother.

            Rav Asher Brander (http://kehilla.org/parsha-reflections-1/vayetzei-5770-stuff-of-greatness) notes a practical lesson that perhaps emerges from Rabbenu Bechayei’s comments.  Simply put, if we do not feel naturally inclined to deal kindly with an undeserving beneficiary, we should nevertheless consider other factors that warrant doing so.  Lavan was not somebody whom we would deem worthy of special kind gestures, and we could have forgiven Yaakov had he shown no interest in doing his uncle favors. But Yaakov looked at the broader picture and found good reason to lend a hand despite his understandable misgivings about his wily uncle.

            Even if we don’t naturally feel like helping somebody – and even if those feelings are justified – we should take a moment to examine the situation more fully, and we will likely discover compelling reasons to extend help despite our instinctive ambivalence.

Volver al capítulo

Lavan, His Mother's Brother

    The Torah in Parashat Vayetze tells of Yaakov’s arrival in Charan, where he would spend the next twenty years with his uncle and father-in-law, Lavan.  Yaakov first arrived at the well outside the city, and soon thereafter, he saw Rachel, his cousin who shepherded her father’s sheep, bringing the flock to the well.  The Torah relates, “When Yaakov saw Rachel, the daughter of Lavan, his mother’s brother, and the sheep of Lavan, his mother’s brother, Yaakov went ahead and rolled the stone off the mouth of the well and watered the sheep of Lavan, his mother’s brother” (29:10).

            Upon reading this verse, one is immediately struck by the triple repetition of the phrase, “Lavan, his mother’s brother.”  The Torah has already introduced Lavan as Rivka’s brother in earlier narratives in Sefer Bereishit, including as recently as the final verses of Parashat Toledot, when Rivka instructed Yaakov to go to her brother’s home (27:43, 28:2,5).  And even if the Torah found it necessary to remind the reader of Lavan’s relationship to Yaakov (which would be difficult to imagine, as we already know that Yaakov was traveling to his uncle), why would this need to be repeated three times?

            Rabbenu Bechayei suggests (as the first of his two explanations):

The text says several times, “Lavan, his mother’s brother” to teach that Yaakov’s efforts with Lavan’s flock and his mercy upon Rachel, Lavan’s daughter, were not done in Lavan’s honor, but rather for his mother’s honor.  Thus, whenever the text mentions the wicked man Lavan, it mentions [that he was] his mother’s brother… [Yaakov] remembered in his heart his mother who loved him and advised him to go to Lavan.

According to Rabbenu Bechayei, the text emphasizes that Yaakov’s desire to assist Rachel was motivated by his devotion to his mother.  Aware of Lavan’s devious and corrupt character, Yaakov would not have ordinarily volunteered to assist in tending to Lavan’s flocks.  But Yaakov nevertheless sought to assist Lavan because he was, after all, his mother’s brother, and he viewed helping Lavan and his daughter as a way of showing honor to his mother.

            Rav Asher Brander (http://kehilla.org/parsha-reflections-1/vayetzei-5770-stuff-of-greatness) notes a practical lesson that perhaps emerges from Rabbenu Bechayei’s comments.  Simply put, if we do not feel naturally inclined to deal kindly with an undeserving beneficiary, we should nevertheless consider other factors that warrant doing so.  Lavan was not somebody whom we would deem worthy of special kind gestures, and we could have forgiven Yaakov had he shown no interest in doing his uncle favors. But Yaakov looked at the broader picture and found good reason to lend a hand despite his understandable misgivings about his wily uncle.

            Even if we don’t naturally feel like helping somebody – and even if those feelings are justified – we should take a moment to examine the situation more fully, and we will likely discover compelling reasons to extend help despite our instinctive ambivalence.

Volver al capítulo

Lavan vs. Yaakov: Returning or Continuing

            Toward the end of Parashat Vayetze, we read of the formal pact made by Yaakov and Lavan in Gilead.  Yaakov and his family left Lavan’s home without informing him, and Lavan pursued and ultimately caught up to Yaakov’s family at Gilead.  The two decided to make a formal treaty and pledged never to harm one another.  Afterward, the Torah relates, “Lavan returned to his place.  And Yaakov went along his way, and angels of God met him” (32:1-2).

            The Meshekh Chokhma observes that this verse aptly captures one of the basic distinctions between the righteous and the wicked.  Laban “returned to his place,” he went to the place where he had previously been, whereas Yaakov “went along his way” – he continued moving onward.  One of the characteristics of habitually sinful people is stagnancy and complacency, the lack of desire or ambition to progress, advance, grow and improve.  They stubbornly and arrogantly insist upon the adequacy of their current standing, and so they stay in place.   The Meshekh Chokhma notes in particular the fact that Lavan “returned to his place” even after his experiences with his righteous son-in-law.  People with an interest in learning and growing would relish the opportunity to bask in the presence of a towering figure like Yaakov, and return from such an encounter with a spiritual charge.  But Lavan simply “returned to his place,” unaffected by his exposure to the righteous patriarch.

            Yaakov, on the hand, “went along his way.”  The righteous are constantly journeying, moving forward, working to improve and build upon their past achievements.  As the Gemara comments toward the end of Masekhet Berakhot, “Torah scholars have no rest – neither in this world nor in the next world.”  They continuously and tirelessly work and struggle to reach the next rung in the ladder of human perfection.  Yaakov could never just “return to his place” and stay where he is; he rather “went along his way,” moving forward along the lifelong pursuit of greatness.

            It is for good reason that Yaakov’s persona is often associated with his dream of the “ladder stationed in the ground, whose head reached the heavens” (28:12).  He exemplifies the desire to constantly rise and ascend, to achieve “heavenly” perfection even while stationed here on earth.  And our nation which bears his name – Am Yisrael – also bears the responsibility to follow his example and live lives characterized by constant progress and growth

Volver al capítulo

מדוע ברח יונה?

"וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֶל ה' וַיֹּאמַר אָנָּה ה' הֲלוֹא זֶה דְבָרִי עַד הֱיוֹתִי עַל אַדְמָתִי עַל כֵּן קִדַּמְתִּי לִבְרֹחַ תַּרְשִׁישָׁה כִּי יָדַעְתִּי כִּי אַתָּה אֵל חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב חֶסֶד וְנִחָם עַל הָרָעָה" (יונה ד', ב)

 

פרקי דרבי אליעזר (היגר) - "חורב" פרק ט

ולמה ברח (יונה)? מפני שפעם אחת שלחו להשיב את גבול ישראל ועמדו דבריו, שנאמר: "הוא השיב את גבול ישראל" (מלכים ב י"ד, כ). פעם שנייה שלחו לירושלם להחריבה ועשה הקדוש ברוך הוא כרוב רחמיו וניחם על הרעה ולא חרבה, והיו קוראין אותו נביא שקר. פעם שלישית שלחו על נינוה להחריבה. דן דין יונה בינו לבין עצמו ואמר: יודע אני שהגוים קריבי תשובה הן, עכשו הן עושין תשובה, והקדוש ברוך הוא שולח רוגזו על ישראל, ולא עוד אלא די שישראל קורין אותי נביא שקר אלא אף אומות העולם?!

 

 

 

פרקי דרבי אליעזר - מדרש אגדה המספר בצורה דרשנית את סיפורי התורה מבריאת העולם ועד צרעת מרים, ובתוך כך הוא משלב סיפורי מקרא מאוחרים יותר. ככל הנראה המדרש נערך במאה השמינית בארץ ישראל. (מתוך: ע' רייזל, מבוא למדרשים, מכללת הרצוג תשע"א)

Volver al capítulo

Be'er Sheva and Hevron: Stability or Strife?

 

            Parashat Vayetze begins with Yaakov’s flight from his hometown to escape the rage of his older twin, Esav.  The Torah writes that Yaakov “left from Be’er Sheva,” emphasizing the fact that he left from the city of Be’er Sheva.

            This emphasis may perhaps be intended to draw our attention to the irony in Yaakov’s hurried, frantic escape from Be’er Sheva.  As we read in Parashat Toledot (chapter 26), Be’er Sheva is the place where Yitzchak settled to escape the hostility of the Philistines.  He had earlier taken residence in the Philistine region of Gerar, until he was compelled to leave due to the envy and antagonism of the local population.  Yitzchak then resided outside the city, until disputes with the surrounding shepherds over the limited water sources forced him to move further away from the Philistine population centers.  He finally resided in Be’er Sheva, where the Philistine leader, Avimelekh, came to him to initiate a formal truce.  It was also in Be’er Sheva where Yitzchak’s shepherds discovered a new well, which was named “Shiva.”  This well apparently served as a reliable, long-term solution for Yitzchak’s shepherding needs, as the site was named “Be’er Sheva” after the well.

            Be’er Sheva was thus the site of Yitzchak’s long-anticipated and hard-fought tranquility and stability.  After an extended period of struggle with the hostile Philistines, Yitzchak finally achieved peace and security after settling in Be’er Sheva.  This city offered him respite from antagonistic competitors, as well as a degree of financial security with the discovery of a new water source.

            There is thus more than a tinge of irony in the fact that Yaakov was forced to frantically flee from Be’er Sheva, the city of refuge and security.  The place that had provided Yitzchak with desperately-needed stability now endangered his heir.  Be’er Sheva rescued Yitzchak from drought and hostile enemies, but could not protect the family from internal conflicts.

            The pattern continues in the next generation, when Yaakov settled with his family in Chevron.  He had managed to make peace with his corrupt father-in-law, Lavan, and then with his vengeful brother.  Later, he was granted special divine protection from the hostile tribes of Canaan as he traveled southward toward Chevron (35:5).  When Yaakov finally reached Chevron, he anticipated spending his remaining years enjoying peace, security and stability, only to see his dreams shattered by the sale of his beloved son into slavery at the hands of his brothers (“bikesh Yaakov le’shev be-shalva mi-yad kafatz alav rogzo shel Yosef” – Rashi, 37:1).  Like in the previous generation, the family succeeded in overcoming external threats, but was torn asunder by internal strife.

            It is often easier to get along and maintain peaceful relations with people on the outside then with those within our own nucleus.  As in the cases of Yitzchak and Yaakov, external conflicts can sometimes be resolved far more easily than internal ones.  The intensity of close relationships with family members and friends often results in complications that could cause tension and conflict.  Many people enjoy pleasant relationships with friends and peers, but struggle with their relationships with close family members.  The stories of internal family conflicts in Sefer Bereishit perhaps warn us of the fragility of family relationships, and alert us to the need to exercise particular care when dealing with those who are closest to us in order to avoid tension and strife.

Volver al capítulo

Yaakov's Continued Idealism and Revelation

    Parashat Vayetze tells the story of Yaakov’s experiences in Charan, where he lives for twenty years while escaping the vengeance of his brother.  Yaakov’s life changes drastically upon arriving in Charan.  After having spent his early years as “a simple man, a tent dweller” (25:27), which Chazal explain as a reference to devoted Torah study, Yaakov now spends twenty years begetting and raising children, and amassing a fortune working for his uncle and father-in-law, Lavan.  Yaakov left the world of serene and focused learning, and now finds himself with a large family and an ever growing commercial enterprise.

            When considering this transition in Yaakov’s life which occurs over the course of Parashat Vayetze, it is worth noting the theme of angelic revelation that brackets this parasha.  At the beginning of this parasha, we read of Yaakov’s famous dream of angels ascending and descending a ladder that extended to the heavens.  The parasha concludes with Yaakov’s safe and ultimately peaceful departure from his uncle, whereupon he once again encounters angels: “And Yaakov went along his way, and angels of God came upon him…” (32:1).  Interestingly enough, the story of Yaakov’s experiences in Charan ends the same way it began: with the revelation of angels.

            The Rosh Yeshiva, HaRav Aharon Lichtenstein shelit”a (as recorded by a student – http://vbm-torah.org/archive/sichot67/07-67vayetze.htm), suggested that these two revelations might point to the spiritual consistency Yaakov maintained despite the fundamental changes his life underwent.  Yaakov lived in the world of dreams and ideals during his youthful, bachelor years – and he succeeded in maintaining that idealistic energy and spirit throughout the twenty years he spend as a father of twelve young children and hard-working shepherd.  As Rav Lichtenstein commented:

Nevertheless, even at the end of the parasha, Yaakov has not lost his ability to see angels… Yaakov held onto his dreams even after maturing, marrying and accepting the burden of providing for a family.  He retained his religious personality even in the face of his new life and new responsibilities.  Yaakov Avinu overcame the tremendous challenge of maintaining his ability to dream and maintaining the proper perspective throughout his trials and tribulations.  Therefore, Yaakov met angels when he left Charan.

Rav Lichtenstein added that every Torah Jew must take example from our patriarch and never allow the harsh, complex realities of life dull his spiritual senses and lead him to compromise his idealism and aspirations:

This challenge confronts each of us, as well.  As we accumulate responsibilities, we too must retain our ability to see angels.  Moving towards a more practically-oriented life must not blind our focus on Torah and avodat Hashem… The burdens of providing for one’s family shouldn’t break one’s dreams.

Like Yaakov, every individual must sustain the “dreams” and idealism of youth even while confronting the less-than-ideal realities of adulthood, and ensure that the “angels” remain with him all throughout, at every stage along the journey through life.

 

Volver al capítulo

Shadal on Yaakov's Night in Beit El

       Towards the beginning of Parashat Vayetze we read of Yaakov's famous dream in Beit-El, in which he beheld a ladder and angels and heard God's promise to protect him along his journey and return him safely to his homeland.  The Torah describes Yaakov's astonishment upon awakening: "Yaakov awoke from his sleep and said, 'Indeed, the Lord is in this place, and I was unaware.'  He was frightened and said, 'How awesome is this place; this can only be a house of God, and this is the gate of the heavens!'" (28:16-17).

            Leaving aside the precise meaning of the terms "awesome," "a house of God" and "the gate of the heavens," it clearly emerges from Yaakov's response that he was stunned specifically by the possibility of experiencing a prophecy at that particular site.  What rattled Yaakov was not the fact that he beheld a prophetic vision, but rather that such a vision could occur at this location ("the Lord is in this place…How awesome is this place…").  How might we explain this reaction of Yaakov to his discovery that his current location was graced with some unique quality?

            Shadal explains: 

He criticized himself for having been distressed over his flight [from his brother] and over his having to sleep along the road, and for not trusting in God, and perhaps in his distress he cursed that site.  "This can only be…": I did not sleep in a bad place, as I had thought, but rather it is as if I had slept in a house of God and the gates of the heavens, for behold God has seen my plight. 

According to Shadal, when Yaakov was forced to lie down and sleep along the road, he felt embittered over his plight.  He resented having to flee from his brother and travel all the way to Charan, a journey that required him to sleep out in the open, on the ground, without proper provisions. Shadal goes so far as to speculate that Yaakov perhaps even "cursed" the site where he had to sleep (e.g. "Look at this awful place where I have to spend the night; rather than sleeping in a warm house on a comfortable bed, I have to sleep in this horrible place!").

            But after beholding his prophetic vision, Yaakov came to the startling realization that he "did not sleep in a bad place," that the site where he slept was indeed a blessed place.  This is a place where God spoke to him, answered his prayers and promised him protection.  Yaakov in effect exclaimed, in astonishment, "This is not a bad place at all – this is like the house of God!"

            A meaningful lesson emerges from Shadal's understanding of these verses.  Often in life we find ourselves in situations and places which we would have much preferred to avoid, challenges and difficulties which we would ideally never wish to confront.  At times, however, we will discover, like Yaakov, that these situations are really "the house of God, the gates of the heavens," they somehow prove to be far more beneficial than we would have ever imagined.  Just as Yaakov was surprised to discover that the dusty, rocky road to Charan could become "the house of God," so can the unpleasant situations we sometimes confront actually become positive experiences that, as in the case of Yaakov, give us strength and confidence for the long journey ahead.

 

 
Volver al capítulo

Yaakov and Lavan: Workers and Employers

 

            Towards the end of Parashat Vayetze, the Torah records the fiery exchange of words between Yaakov and Lavan, and their ultimate reconciliation.  After Lavan searches through Yaakov's belongings in vain looking for his missing terafim (statues, or oracles), Yaakov frustratingly complains to his father-in-law, noting his impeccable integrity over the last twenty years of service and his tireless devotion to his job as shepherd.  Lavan responds by claiming that everything Yaakov has – including his family and his wealth – had all been given to him from Lavan, and Lavan therefore had every right to chase after Yaakov and search through his belongings.  Lavan then offers a truce, and Yaakov and Lavan indeed pronounce a mutual treaty and erect a monument testifying to their agreement.

 

            Why does the Torah elaborate in such great detail on this dispute between Yaakov and Lavan and their eventual reconciliation?

            Rav Yehuda Leib Ginsburg, in his work Yalkut Yehuda (Denver, 1936), suggests that the Torah recorded this exchange because of its importance with regard to the age-old struggle between labor and management.  Since time immemorial, employers and workers have often harbored mutual feelings of resentment. Employees feel that all their employers' profits and success were earned through their efforts, by the sweats of their brows, and they deserve more than what they are given.  The employers tend to feel a sense of "ownership" over their workers, as they provide the workers with their livelihood, without which they could not survive.  Naturally, employers feel justified in demanding perfect compliance and absolute devotion on the part of their workers, who depend on them for their daily bread.

 

            This ongoing conflict is very clearly manifest in the bitter exchange between Yaakov and Lavan.  Yaakov argues that he has worked tirelessly for his wives and fortune, and Lavan therefore has no right to restrain him.  Lavan, for his part, observes that Yaakov had come to his home empty-handed and now leaves with a large family and vast assets, all of which he received from Lavan.  This exchange thus encapsulates the age-old struggle between labor and management, between workers and their employers.

 

            The Torah recognizes both the rights of the workers as well as those of the employers.  Halakha strictly forbids withholding wages and delaying full payment for services rendered.  Furthermore, as the Gemara (Kiddushin 22a) indicates in discussing the laws relevant to the eved ivri (indentured servant), employers must treat their workers with respect and ensure their comfort during their period of service.  By the same token, strict guidelines apply with regard to a worker's obligations towards his employer, to the point where day workers were allowed to recite an abridged text of birkat ha-mazon so as not to deprive the employer the time needed for the recitation of the full text.  As the Rambam famously discusses in the final passage of Hilkhot Sekhirut, workers are obligated to work every moment of the hours for which they are paid, and to invest maximum effort in performing their duties.

 

            According to Rav Ginsburg, the truce between Yaakov and Lavan is to serve as an eternal reminder of the mutual responsibilities of employers and employees, the agreement that employees must provide faithful and devoted service, and employers must treat them with respect and dignity and pay all the workers' wages in full and on time.  The Torah found it necessary to eternalize this account due to its importance and ongoing relevance, in underscoring the need for mutual understanding and respect between workers and their employers.

            Towards the end of Parashat Vayetze, the Torah records the fiery exchange of words between Yaakov and Lavan, and their ultimate reconciliation.  After Lavan searches through Yaakov's belongings in vain looking for his missing terafim (statues, or oracles), Yaakov frustratingly complains to his father-in-law, noting his impeccable integrity over the last twenty years of service and his tireless devotion to his job as shepherd.  Lavan responds by claiming that everything Yaakov has – including his family and his wealth – had all been given to him from Lavan, and Lavan therefore had every right to chase after Yaakov and search through his belongings.  Lavan then offers a truce, and Yaakov and Lavan indeed pronounce a mutual treaty and erect a monument testifying to their agreement.

 

            Why does the Torah elaborate in such great detail on this dispute between Yaakov and Lavan and their eventual reconciliation?

            Rav Yehuda Leib Ginsburg, in his work Yalkut Yehuda (Denver, 1936), suggests that the Torah recorded this exchange because of its importance with regard to the age-old struggle between labor and management.  Since time immemorial, employers and workers have often harbored mutual feelings of resentment. Employees feel that all their employers' profits and success were earned through their efforts, by the sweats of their brows, and they deserve more than what they are given.  The employers tend to feel a sense of "ownership" over their workers, as they provide the workers with their livelihood, without which they could not survive.  Naturally, employers feel justified in demanding perfect compliance and absolute devotion on the part of their workers, who depend on them for their daily bread.

 

            This ongoing conflict is very clearly manifest in the bitter exchange between Yaakov and Lavan.  Yaakov argues that he has worked tirelessly for his wives and fortune, and Lavan therefore has no right to restrain him.  Lavan, for his part, observes that Yaakov had come to his home empty-handed and now leaves with a large family and vast assets, all of which he received from Lavan.  This exchange thus encapsulates the age-old struggle between labor and management, between workers and their employers.

 

            The Torah recognizes both the rights of the workers as well as those of the employers.  Halakha strictly forbids withholding wages and delaying full payment for services rendered.  Furthermore, as the Gemara (Kiddushin 22a) indicates in discussing the laws relevant to the eved ivri (indentured servant), employers must treat their workers with respect and ensure their comfort during their period of service.  By the same token, strict guidelines apply with regard to a worker's obligations towards his employer, to the point where day workers were allowed to recite an abridged text of birkat ha-mazon so as not to deprive the employer the time needed for the recitation of the full text.  As the Rambam famously discusses in the final passage of Hilkhot Sekhirut, workers are obligated to work every moment of the hours for which they are paid, and to invest maximum effort in performing their duties.

 

            According to Rav Ginsburg, the truce between Yaakov and Lavan is to serve as an eternal reminder of the mutual responsibilities of employers and employees, the agreement that employees must provide faithful and devoted service, and employers must treat them with respect and dignity and pay all the workers' wages in full and on time.  The Torah found it necessary to eternalize this account due to its importance and ongoing relevance, in underscoring the need for mutual understanding and respect between workers and their employers.

Volver al capítulo

סיכום ביניים היסטורי

 

עמוס התחיל להִנָבֵא "שנתים לפני הרעש" (א, א), ומראה הרעש חתם את נבואתו:
ראיתי את א-ד-נ-י נִצָב על המזבח (שסימל את ממלכת ישראל),
ויאמר: הַך הכַּפתוֹר (=הכותרת בראש העמוד), וְיִרְעֲשוּ הסִפּים... (=פתחי הבתים; ט, א).
ובישעיהו (ו, ד): וַיָנֻעוּ אַמוֹת הסִפּים...

רעידת האדמה שזִעַזְעה את הארץ בימי עוזיהו, תוארה במראה המקביל של ישעיהו (ו, א-ד) מהיכל ה' בירושלם (וביתר פירוט בישעיהו כד), ונזכרה עד ימי זכריה (יד, ה);
כנראה, בעקבות הרעש, שטפו את הארץ גלי 'צונאמי' חזקים:
...הנוֹגֵעַ בארץ וַתָמוֹג (=תישבר)...
...הקוֹרֵא למי הים, וַיִשְפְּכֵם על פני הארץ,
ה' שמו (ט', ה-ו);

הרעש נחשב ל'שאגת' האזהרה הגדולה מאת ה', ול'קו פרשת המים' בין עידן העצמאות הישראלית לבין ההשתלטות של המעצמות הזרות. לפיכך הנבואה (בעמוס ובישעיהו) תיארה את חורבן שומרון וערי יהודה בתיאורי הרעש ההוא, כשם שהכובש "הצפוני" תואר בנבואת יואל בתיאורי האַרבֶּה המשתלט.

מכאן ואילך, תנוע ההיסטוריה הישראלית במסלולי חורבנות וגלות, עם זיכרונות עבר ותקוות עתיד.

כ-500 שנה של הארץ בלי שלטון מעצמה זרה הסתיימו, וזה מחייב לערוך סיכום היסטורי. מיציאת מצרים, "הֲלוֹא כִבנֵי כֻשִיִים אַתֶם לי בני ישראל (=איבדתם את זכויות הבחירה המיוחדת בכם). נְאֻם ה' – הֲלוֹא את ישראל הֶעֱלֵיתי מארץ מצרים (ביחס מיוחד, אבל באותו הזמן העליתי גם את) וּפְלִשְתִיִים מִכַּפתוֹר (=מאיי הים), ואֲרָם מִקיר (=מארמניה); וכעת, ישתלטו המעצמות על כולם;

אולם גזירת ההשמדה על "הממלכה החַטָאָה" (=שומרון) לא תחול על "בית יעקב", שישרוד גם בטלטולי הגלויות "בכל הגוים". ו"ביום ההוא אָקים את סֻכַּת דוד הנֹפֶלֶת" (=ירושלִַם), שתיבנה מחדש, וגם תשלוט ב"שְאֵרית אדום" (=הר הנגב ואילת; ט, ח-יב).


באדיבות אתר 929

Volver al capítulo

מפה עמוס ט

Volver al capítulo

Pages

x

Lee el Tanaj cómodamente. ¡Instala nuestra App en tu pantalla de inicio!

📲 Instala nuestra App

Toca el botón de Compartir (el icono de un cuadrado con una flecha hacia arriba) en la barra de Safari, desliza hacia abajo y selecciona 'Agregar a la pantalla de inicio'.