Post-Gedalya Fallout: Yirmiyahu Warns Against Fleeing Israel

There has been no mention of Yirmiyahu since his meeting with Nevuzar'adan; we do not know how he reacted to the assassination and the events that preceded it. The text, as it were, has made Yirmiyahu disappear. On the other hand, in contrast to the period that preceded the destruction when the people bluntly and repeatedly rejected the words of Yirmiyahu, here they seek the word of God from his mouth. It seems that now they are finally ready to listen to him and receive the word of God from his mouth.

Yirmiyahu urges Yohanan and his men to remain in Eretz Yisrael and warns them against going down to Egypt. This reverses the prophetic message that Yirmiyahu preached during the years that preceded the destruction – that of submission and acceptance and encouraging life in exile. But now the time has come for building and planting in Eretz Yisrael.

The second part of Yirmiyahu's words, which is several times longer, moves on to the negative side – the refusal to remain in the land and its consequences. Yirmiyahu senses the mood of the people and their inclination to go down to Egypt, and he begins to warn them not to go down to Egypt. The warning is repeated and intensified from one stage to the next. There is a fundamental contradiction between the building and reconstruction of Eretz Yisrael and the descent to Egypt.

Not only do they refuse to listen to him, contrary to their own declaration, but they accuse him of speaking falsely to them. Yirmiyahu is accused here with the same old accusation levelled against him by his opponents – that he is a false prophet who seeks the detriment of his people. Yohanan wisely sought the word of God from the mouth of Yirmiyahu, but lacked the strength to listen to it. His timidity, his irresoluteness, and his little faith made him a partner in the self-destruction of the remnant of Yehuda.

Abridged and adapted by HaTanakh.com Staff. For further reading, see the full article.

Volver al capítulo

Politics and Murder: the Assassination of Gedalya

Yirmiyahu decided to join Gedalya out of religious-prophetic motives, since he saw in his appointment God's desire to rebuild the nation. The military personal decided to join him for political motives, relying on Gedalya's official status vis-à-vis the Babylonian kingdom, which they feared. And the Diaspora Jews joined Gedalya out of nationalistic-popular motives and a desire to return to their own country.

Yohanan ben Kareah and his men attempt to convince Gedalya of the assassination plot of Yishmael ben Netanya.  Gedalya's refusal to heed the warning is not merely complacency on the personal plane regarding the danger posed to his life, but also a great risk on the public-national level. The political struggle against Gedalya has widespread national consequences.

Having failed to heed the warning of Yohanan, Gedalya falls into a trap that was set for him by Yishmael the son of Netanya and his men; he is killed in his house in Mitzpa in the course of a Rosh Hashana dinner that he hosted for them. Here Gedalya's naiveté reveals itself in a most striking manner – not only did he not agree to prevent the assassination, but he did not even take any precautions against Yishmael.

What were the motives of Yishmael the son of Netanya? It is likely that this murder is just the tip of the iceberg of the fierce political struggle that took place in the kingdom of Yehuda prior to the destruction. The royal family and most of the ministers supported the rebellion against Babylon, and apparently received support from the people of Ammon in the east, who opposed Babylonian rule. Against them stood the "pro-Babylonian" faction, with Yirmiyahu's support and led by members of the family of Shafan the scribe. Thus, the assassination plot stems from deep political memories and from the tension between the royal family of Yishmael and the family of Shafan, to which Gedalya belonged. Apart from this, there is also a deeply personal cause: Yishmael, who was of royal descent, cannot accept the possibility that Gedalya, who came from a family of scribes, should become the political leader of the people of Yehuda.

Three biblical events are alluded to as the backdrop for the story of the murder of Gedalya: the massacres of Yehu, the war between Asa and Basha, and the story of the meeting between Avner and Yoav at Givon. These events paint Yishmael's deed with the red color of mass murder and civil war, and turn it into another link in the chain of internal civil wars in the history of the people of Israel that led to the destruction. Internal strife and narrow personal and political motivations joined together in the story of the assassination of Gedalya to become the fatal blow to the last chance to rebuild the nation in its land.

Abridged and adapted by HaTanakh.com Staff. For further reading, see the full article.

Volver al capítulo

Yirmiyahu and Yosef in the Pit

The chapter opens with a difficult prophecy of Yirmiyahu to the people, which is delivered in the presence of the princes of Yehuda. Yirmiyahu holds fast to his prophecy concerning the destruction of Jerusalem, but he now goes even further and preaches to the people that they should go out to the Babylonians and surrender. Delivering this prophecy in public is a justification for killing Yirmiyahu for weakening the spirit of the fighters and lowering the people's morale in a time of crisis. Like in the previous chapter, Yirmiyahu is accused of a crime, however, the respective positions become more extreme, and the consequences become harsher and more severe. Yirmiyahu is saved only by a non-Jewish attendant of the king.

Yirmiyahu being thrown into the pit is reminiscent of Yosef being thrown into the pit. In both instances the majority overrules a single opinion and throws the person in question into the pit, in an attempt to indirectly kill him. Just as Yosef’s intentions towards his brothers were misunderstood, so too Yirmiyahu sought the welfare of the people, but was accused of being a traitor. Just as Yosef prepared his family for their first exile, so too Yirmiyahu is preparing the nation for their first exile. Both Yosef and Yirmiyahu see the future, but their visions arouse the anger of those around them.

Tzidkiyahu stands between two forces: the political pressure of his ministers, on the one hand, and the truth of Yirmiyahu's prophecies on the other. His hesitation and fear of his princes overcome his recognition of the truth in the words of Yirmiyahu. Tzidkiyahu prefers to adhere to the known position of refusing to surrender and passively preserve the status quo, rather than to change his perception and policy in the wake of reality and the prophecy and to adopt the clear-eyed policy of Yirmiyahu, against the advice of his princes.

Tzidkiyahu's portrayal in these chapters is not that of an evil or dense king, but rather that of a weak and spineless one. Tzidkiyahu's inability to stand up to the pressures of his princes, despite his personal acquaintance with Yirmiyahu, wipe out the last chance to save Jerusalem and lead to its destruction.

Abridged and adapted by HaTanakh.com Staff. For further reading, see the full article.

Volver al capítulo

Praying for Jerusalem: Yirmiyahu and Tzidkiyahu vs. Yeshayahu and Hizkiyahu

King Tzidkiyahu requests of Yirmiyahu to pray on behalf of the city, which is under siege, and Yirmiyahu refuses to do so. This scenario is reminiscent of Hizkiyahu’s request of Yishyahu to pray when the city is facing an Assyrian siege.  While Yishyahu answers Hizkiyahu’s request affirmatively, Yirmiyahu refuses Tzidkiyahu’s request.

This difference is reflected in the circumstances surrounding the request. Unlike Hizkiyahu, who performs actions of repair and repentance, rending his garments and going to the Temple, Tzidkiyahu contents himself with sending messengers to Yirmiyahu with the request to repeat the miracle from the days of Hizkiyahu. Whereas Hizkiyahu sets God's honor in the center and prays for the cessation of the insults hurled at God by the king of Ashur, Tzidkiyahu asks Yirmiyahu to pray for him and the people.

When the Babylonian siege is lifted due to Egyptian intervention - an event that was viewed as miraculous, but was ultimately temporary - Yirmiyahu attempts to leave the city fearing he would be arrested as a false prophet.  He fails to leave and is accused of attempting to defect to the enemy by none other than the grandson of Hananya ben Azzur. This accusation reflects the perception of officials and princes of Jerusalem, who saw Yirmiyahu as a traitor who was helping the Babylonians against his people. This fundamental misunderstanding of the people and their ministers concerning Yirmiyahu's objectives has accompanied Yirmiyahu throughout his mission.

Abridged and adapted by HaTanakh.com Staff. For further reading, see the full article.

Volver al capítulo

Ripping Scrolls or Tearing Clothes: Yehoyakim is not Yoshiyahu

The fourth year of the reign of Yehoyakim is a pivotal one for the prophecies of Yirmiyahu. Babylonia’s victory over Egypt made Babylonia the most powerful empire in the region. This victory was a clear proof of the validity of Yirmiyahu's prophecies over the course of twenty three years. Now it became clear to all that Babylonia was the primary enemy threatening the kingdom of Yehuda. Yirmiyahu is commanded to summarize all of the prophecies that he delivered until that time and to record them in a scroll. This scroll is read in Beit Hamikdash and ultimately in the ears of King Yehoyakim. The account of the reading of the scroll in the ears of Yehoyakim brings to mind a similar event involving his father, Yoshiyahu, when the Torah was read in his ears.

There is an enormous difference between the responses of the two kings. While Yoshiyahu rends his garments when they read the scroll before him, Yehoyakim abstains from rending his garments, and instead tears up the scroll itself! Yoshiyahu is shocked to the depths of his soul, and he drags his princes and the entire people after him to take dramatic action to change the decree. In contrast, Yehoyakim demonstrates terrible scorn. While his princes are shocked by the scroll and bring it before the king, the king himself holds it in contempt, tears it up, and burns it. Rather than the king influencing his princes and dragging them after him, the reverse takes place here; the king stops his princes and refuses to listen to the princes who plead with him not to burn the scroll. Yoshiyahu immediately sends a delegation to seek the word of God from the mouth of Chulda the prophetess, whereas Yehoyakim sends his emissaries to kill the prophet and prevent him from sounding the word of God.

Yehoyakim is absolutely impervious to the words of the prophet; he is not prepared to listen even after the Babylonian enemy begins to go up against Yehuda, and all of his behavior demonstrates scorn and contempt. Yehoyakim's conduct, which is described here and in other places in the book of Yirmiyahu, brings the people one step closer to the destruction.

Abridged and adapted by HaTanakh.com Staff. For further reading, see the full article.

Volver al capítulo

A Message from Rekhav's Commandments: What can Israel Learn?

The descendants of Rekhav, who abstain from drinking wine and do not settle down permanently, symbolize absolute adherence to the ancient ancestral command. This is a lesson for Israel, that they must keep God's commands. But why does this adherence deserve an extreme Divine promise?

The prohibition against settling down might not stem from a nomadic perception, but rather from experience that teaches that settling down leads by necessity to forgetting God and ultimately to idol worship, as the book of Devarim warns many times in anticipation of Israel's entry into the land.

Additionally, farmers whose lives were dependent on the seasons of the year and on the forces of nature deified these forces and worshipped them. Therefore, the Torah is concerned about the dangers of agricultural life in the land of Israel, the chief of which is immersion in idolatry, which will lead to the removal of the people from their land.

Abridged and adapted by HaTanakh.com Staff. For further reading, see the full article.

Volver al capítulo

Ending Liberty and Breaking the Covenant

During the time of the Babylonian siege, the king and princes of Jerusalem decided to free all the slaves in a sweeping manner in order to alleviate the situation of the city under siege. During a time of siege, slave ownership can be a great burden on their masters, who must support both their own families and their slaves. During a siege, many slaves became useless, as they generally engaged in field work outside the city. On the other hand, liberating the slaves and turning them into free men can contribute to the resilience of a city under siege as freed slaves are likely to fight alongside the people of the city and help fortify it in order to maintain their freedom. However, as soon as the Babylonian army left Jerusalem and the siege was lifted, the motive for liberating the slaves was cancelled, and the people therefore restored the slaves to their previous status.

As opposed to the breach of the covenant in chapter 11 in which Yirmiyahu describes the violation of many many mitzvot, here only one mitzva is violated. Why were the people punished so severely for the violation of a single commandment?

The Covenant at Sinai is based on the principle that the liberty granted to Israel upon their leaving Egypt is the foundation for the freedom which they must grant to their slaves. In contrast, in our passage, we learn of a breach of this covenant. In this breach, the people take a step towards repentance and transform that step into a sin thereby making it even more severe.

Abridged and adapted by HaTanakh.com Staff. For further reading, see the full article.

Volver al capítulo

מגילת התוכחות

 

בשנה הרביעית ליהויקים, שנת עליית נבוכדנאצר לשלטון, מצטווה ירמיהו להעלות על הכתב את כל נבואותיו, ואגב כך אנו זוכים להצצה נדירה על תהליך יצירתו של ספר ירמיהו. ירמיהו מבקש מברוך בן נריה הסופר לכתוב מפיו את הנבואות ולהקריאן באזני העם במקדש ביום הצום שנקבע בחודש כסלו. מכרוניקה בבלית עולה שבחודש זה כבש נבוכדנאצר את אשקלון, ומאורע זה סימל את ראשית השתלטות בבל על ארץ ישראל. ייתכן שיום הצום נקבע בעקבות מאורע זה, ועל כן היווה שעת כושר מתאימה להשיב את העם בתשובה. אולם בעוד נבואת ירמיהו נופלת על אוזניהם הקשובות של העם והשרים, יהויקים המלך עומד במריו, וקורע ושורף את מגילת הנבואות.

א. ׳וַיְהִי בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִיעִת לִיהוֹיָקִים בֶּן יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה...׳ (א) הפרק פותח בציון זמנו של הציווי על כתיבת הנבואות.

1) ציון זמן זה נזכר גם לעיל כ"ה,א. עיינו שם בתחילת הנבואה (פסוקים א-ז) ותנו דעתכם לאופי המסכם המשותף לשתי הנבואות.

2) השנה הרביעית ליהויקים היתה שנת מפנה עקב עלייתו של נבוכדנאצר לשלטון והרחבת האימפריה הבבלית, שהפכה לסכנה ממשית על יהודה. האויב מצפון, שהיה ערטילאי עד כה, הפך למציאות קיימת. לאור הנסיבות הללו - נסו לשער מדוע מופיע הציווי על כתיבת הנבואות בעת הזאת?

ב. מגילת הנבואות של ירמיהו ניצבת במרכז הפרק. עקבו אחרי גלגוליה של המגילה, הקראותיה החוזרות והתפתחות השפעתה במעגלים השונים (שימו לב לחזרת הפועל ׳קרא׳). היכן נעצר מעגל ההשפעה ומדוע? שימו לב לחילוף בין קריאה לקריעה בפסוקים כא,כג,כד, ולאטימות לבו של המלך העולה מתיאוריו בפרק, למשל בתיאור המפורט של ישיבתו מול האח בבית החורף בפס׳ כב (בשעה שהעם עומד במקדש, מתענה ומתפלל!) ובהתעלמותו מקריאות השרים בפס׳ כה.

ג. תיאור קריאת המגילה באזני יהויקים מזכיר מאורע דומה שאירע ליאשיהו אביו, ומתואר במל"ב כ"ב,ח-יג. התייחסו לסיטואציה המקבילה של קריאת הספרים באזני המלכים, ושימו לב לתפקידו של שפן הסופר אצל יאשיהו ותפקידם של צאצאיו בפרקנו (פסוקים י,יא,יג,כה). בחנו כיצד מנגיד הכתוב בפרקנו (כג-כד) את תגובת יהויקים לתגובת יאשיהו.


למעבר לדף הלימוד המלא מתוך התכנית "מתן על הפרק"

Volver al capítulo

Buying a Field before Destruction - Is God Sending a Contradictory Message?

God commands Yirmiyahu to buy the land of his cousin, Hanamel, despite the fact that the destruction is imminent. At the beginning of the story, Yirmiyahu acts as a prophet – a messenger of God who fulfills His word without hesitation. But after the fulfillment of the words of the prophecy in the presence of all the people, Yirmiyahu turns to God as a person with a turbulent prayer and challenges God.

Yirmiyahu's objection does not refer to the contrast between the real situation and the utopian prophecy. This is a theological objection that focuses on a contradiction in God's ways, for the prophecy of consolation contradicts the entire course of Yirmiyahu's prophecies from the beginning of his path as a prophet until the present. According to the principles of reward and punishment established by God, calamity must now befall the people; why then does he speak of redemption and consolation? The focus of the prayer is not found in the practical unreasonableness, but rather in the theological aspect of the deed, and this is an objection against God's ways of governance.

God’s response to Yirmiyahu stresses that He is not only the Maker of heaven and earth, but also the God of all flesh, and therefore, God has the power to turn the hearts of His people toward Him in the future and to thereby ensure the redemption.

Volver al capítulo

התקווה שהתנפצה

 

מחנה הגולים מירושלִַם בבלה הוקם במסעף הדרכים של "הרָמה" (א; היא אל-רם, מזרחית לשדה התעופה עטרות); גדליהו בן אחיקם הופקד על שארית היישוב הכפרי במִצפָּה (הצופה על עטרות מצפון);

הפקודה הבבלית לשחרור ירמיהו (ב-ה) - אין בה סגנון בבלי וכולה בלשון ירמיהו (אולי נוסחה על ידי יהודים ששיתפו פעולה עם המודיעין הבבלי) - הובטח לירמיהו מעמד מיוחד בבבל (כמו יחזקאל בימיו; כמו יוסף בן מתתיהו ברומא), אבל ירמיהו מענתות רצה להישאר בארץ בכל מאודו, והתחבר לתקווה האחרונה במִצפָּה.

התקווה נמשכה אולי רק חודש וחצי - יהודים שברחו לארצות שכנות החלו לחזור ואספו יבולי בציר וקיץ (=תאנים) לרוב, ממטעים שננטשו; יחידות צבא מהמרחב הכפרי הצטרפו לגדליהו הנאמן לבבל באופן מוחלט.

קנאי אחד הרס גם את הסיכוי האחרון הזה, כהמשך לרוח המרד, בתמיכת ממלכות שכנות "בעליס מלך בני עמון שלח את ישמעאל בן נתניה" (יד) לרצוח את גדליהו, להחזיר את המלוכה, ולחדש את המרד נגד בבל. המודיעין היהודי ידע על המזימה והתריע - יוחנן בן קָרֵחַ הזהיר אישית את גדליהו, שסירב להאמין, ראה בזה השמצה, ונפל בתמימותו.


באדיבות אתר 929

Volver al capítulo

Pages

x

Lee el Tanaj cómodamente. ¡Instala nuestra App en tu pantalla de inicio!

📲 Instala nuestra App

Toca el botón de Compartir (el icono de un cuadrado con una flecha hacia arriba) en la barra de Safari, desliza hacia abajo y selecciona 'Agregar a la pantalla de inicio'.